Enzimas(GMOs)
Industrial enzymes are used in a wide range of foods, to improve gains,
processability, shelf-life, taste and other properties in flour,starches,pop,
drinks, fruit juices, oils, beer, whine,cheese and meat.These artificially-added
enzymes don't have to be declared on the labels,and it is hard to avoid them.Many
of these enzymes are produced by genetically modified organisms (GMOs),usually
molds and bacteria.Since the produced enzymes are subsequently separated from
the GMOs,the use of GMOs doesn't have to be declared. However,the separation is
often incomplete,and residuals of the molds and bacteria are the main culprits
of allergies.
List Of Commercial Enzymes From Genetically Modified Microorganism To Be Used in Food (GMOs)
|
Principle Enzymatic Activity |
Host Organism (production organism) |
Donor |
Application Examples (non exhaustive list)* |
|
a-Acetolactate decarboxylase |
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis |
Bacillus sp. |
Beverages |
a-Amylase |
Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens
|
Bacillus sp./Bacillus sp. |
Cereal, Beverages/Cereal, Frut, Beverages, Sugar, Bakery |
Catalase |
Aspergillus niger |
Aspergillus sp. |
Milk, Egg |
Chymosin |
Aspergillus niger var. awamori/ Kluyveromyces lactis |
Calf stomach/Calf stomach |
Cheese /Cheese |
Cyclodextrin glucano
|
Bacillus licheniformis |
Thermoanaero-bacter sp. |
Cereal |
ß-Glucanase |
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis/Trichoderma reesei or longibrachiatum |
Bacillus sp./Trichoderma sp. |
Cereal, Beverages/Cereal, Dietary food |
Glucose
|
Streptomyces lividans/Streptomyces rubiginosus |
Actinoplanes sp./Streptomyces sp. |
Cereal/Cereal |
Glucose
|
Aspergillus niger |
Aspergillus sp. |
Egg, Beverages, Bakery, Salads |
Hemicellulase |
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis |
Bacillus sp. |
Bakery |
Lipase, triacylglycerol |
Aspergillus oryzae |
Candida sp./Rhizomucor sp./Thermomyces sp. |
Fats/Fats/Fats, Bakery |
Maltogenic
|
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis |
Bacillus sp. |
Cereal, Beverages, Bakery |
Protease |
Aspergillus oryzae/Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis/Bacillus licheniformis |
Rhizomucor sp./Bacillus sp./Bacillus sp. |
Cheese/Meat, Fish, Cereal, Beverages, Bakery, Salads/Meat, Fish |
Pullulanase |
Bacillus licheniformis/Klebsiella planticola |
Bacillus sp./Klebsiella sp. |
Cereal/Cereal, Beverages, Bakery |
Xylanase |
Aspergillus oryzae/Aspergillus niger var. awamori/Aspergillus niger/ Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis/Bacillus licheniformis/ Trichoderma reesei or longibrachiatum |
Aspergillus sp., Thermomyces sp./Aspergillus sp./Aspergillus sp./ Bacillus sp./Bacillus sp./ Trichoderma sp. |
Cereal
|